Publications

Water is a vital nutrient for livestock, constituting 60 to 70 percent of their body composition. It plays a crucialrole in maintaining body fluids, ion balance, digestion, nutrient absorption, waste elimination, and temperatureregulation. Additionally, water serves as a lubricant and cushion for joints, spinal cord, and tissues, ranking secondonly to oxygen in essentiality for life. Despite its importance, water can also serve as a vehicle for transmittingpathogenic organisms, posing a significant concern for livestock health. Access to safe water remains a challenge,as the cost is prohibitive for many, leading to reliance on available water sources regardless of their quality. Giventhe presence of pathogenic microorganisms in freshwater bodies, routine assessment is essential to prevent futuredisease outbreaks among livestock populations.Keywords: Livestock Management, Drinking Water Quality, Pathogenic Organisms, Freshwater Bodies, DiseaseOutbreak