Publications

Cancer refers to diseases in which abnormal cells divide out of control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancercells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, which help the body get rid oftoxins, Lung cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor with the highest mortality around the world. The mostcommon clinical manifestations are coughing, weight loss, and shortness of breath and chest pain. Globally, lungcancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in men and is the third most common cancerand the second leading cause of cancer death in women. About 1.8 million new cases of lung cancer were diagnosedin 2012, which accounted for 12.9% of the world’s total cancer incidence. The worldwide lung cancer mortality rateamounted to 1.59 million deaths in 2012, accounting for 19.4% of the total cancer deaths. Lung cancers wasuncommon before the advent of cigarette smoking it was not even recognized as a distinct disease until1769.Smoking is a known major risk factor for lung cancer, so lung cancer epidemiologic trends, and its variations,reflect the past trends of cigarette smoking to a great extent. In the United States, most states drew up legislation forsmoking restrictions in public areas about 20 years ago and have continually promoted the awareness of smokinghazards to their residents. Many states have passed the peak of the tobacco related epidemic, therefore both theincidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in these areas are decreasing. Healthy lifestyle behaviors for cancer riskreduction include a healthy diet, weight management, regular exercise, reduction in alcohol consumption and smokingcessation lifestyle could modify cancer risk factors