Publications

Reproductive hormones play a critical role in human fertility, sexual development, menstrual regulation, and generalreproductive health. Emerging evidence suggests that nutrient-rich natural products, particularly those derivedfrom plants and whole foods, can significantly influence the production, regulation, and activity of key reproductivehormones such as estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH). This review examines the modulatory effects of bioactive compounds, including phytoestrogens, flavonoids,antioxidants, vitamins, and trace minerals, present in various natural products. Specific attention is given to dietarycomponents such as soy, flaxseed, maca root, fenugreek, and functional foods rich in micronutrients like zinc,selenium, and vitamin D. The mechanisms through which these compounds interact with hormonal pathways, suchas influencing hormone receptor binding, enzyme modulation, and endocrine feedback loops, are also discussed.Clinical and preclinical studies are reviewed to highlight both the therapeutic potential and limitations of naturalproducts in managing reproductive hormone imbalances, fertility issues, and related disorders such as polycysticovary syndrome (PCOS) and andropause. The review concludes with a discussion of translational challenges andfuture directions in integrating natural products into reproductive health strategies