Publications

Diarrheal diseases are a major public health concern in Nigerian refugee camps, where displaced populations face overcrowding, poor sanitation, limited water supply, and malnutrition, creating conditions conducive to recurrent outbreaks. This review examines the multifactorial causes of diarrheal outbreaks in these settings, emphasizing environmental, infrastructural, and socio-economic determinants. Key interventions are analyzed, including improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), vaccination campaigns against cholera and rotavirus, nutritional support, health education, and emergency response mechanisms. Despite ongoing efforts, challenges such as insecurity, funding constraints, weak healthcare systems, and cultural barriers hinder sustainable solutions. The review highlights the importance of strengthening disease surveillance, integrating WASH initiatives with longterm infrastructure development, enhancing healthcare capacity, and promoting community engagement. Multisectoral collaboration among governments, non-governmental organizations, and international partners is essential for coordinated outbreak management. By addressing these factors, sustainable strategies can be implemented to reduce morbidity and mortality, improve health outcomes, and build resilience among displaced populations in Nigerian refugee and internally displaced persons (IDP) camps. Keywords: Diarrheal disease, Refugee camps, Nigeria, WASH, Cholera, Rotavirus, Public health interventions.