Polyphenols as Dual Modulators of Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Metabolism in Obese Diabetic Patients
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitute two of the most pervasive and interconnected metabolic disorders worldwide. Characterized by insulin resistance and dysregulated lipid metabolism, these conditions contribute to cardiovascular disease, hepatic dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. As researchers intensify their search for natural, multi-targeted therapeutic agents, polyphenols have emerged as promising candidates. These plant-derived compounds, abundant in fruits, vegetables, teas, and spices, have demonstrated significant potential to simultaneously enhance insulin sensitivity and regulate lipid metabolism. This comprehensive review explores the molecular mechanisms by which polyphenols influence key metabolic pathways, reviews preclinical and clinical findings, and discusses the therapeutic potential, limitations, and future prospects of polyphenol-based interventions in obese diabetic patients. Keywords: Polyphenols, Insulin Sensitivity, Lipid Metabolism, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus