Publications

Zoonotic diseases constitute a major global health challenge, accounting for the majority of emerging and reemerging infectious threats and disproportionately affecting low and middle-income countries. The One Health approach offers an integrative framework to address the complex linkages between human, animal, and environmental health that drive zoonotic transmission. This narrative review examines the conceptual foundations, epidemiological rationale, governance frameworks, surveillance systems, and intersectoral collaborations underpinning One Health approaches in zoonotic disease control. Drawing on diverse case studies, including avian influenza, Ebola, and Nipah virus, the review highlights the centrality of coordinated human and animal environmental interventions for effective disease prevention, preparedness, and response. Ethical considerations, equity concerns, and community engagement emerge as critical determinants shaping One Health implementation, especially in resource-constrained settings. Despite increasing global advocacy, significant governance gaps, fragmented data systems, insufficient investment, and limited modelling capacity hinder operationalization. Strengthening multisectoral governance, expanding surveillance integration, advancing interdisciplinary research, and prioritizing community-led strategies are essential to realizing the transformative potential of One Health in mitigating current and future zoonotic threats.