Publications

Phytochemicals have long served as bioactive agents against metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, their poor solubility, instability, rapid metabolism, and low bioavailability hinder clinical efficacy. Nanotechnology offers an advanced solution, improving the pharmacokinetics, targeted delivery, and therapeutic impact of these compounds. This review synthesizes current progress in nanocarrier systems such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanoemulsions, and metallic nanocomposites applied to anti-obesity and antidiabetic phytochemicals. Mechanistic insights are provided into how these systems enhance intestinal absorption, protect bioactive compounds from degradation, and improve metabolic targeting. Finally, the review addresses translational challenges, regulatory aspects, and future perspectives for clinical development of phytochemicalloaded nanocarriers in metabolic disease therapy.