Publications

Trust in institutions is a fundamental component of effective governance, democratic legitimacy, and social cooperation. Since 2010, institutional trust has experienced significant fluctuations across countries and governance systems, influenced by a combination of performance-related factors, political developments, economic conditions, and major societal shocks. This paper examines the evolution of trust in institutions from 2010 to the present, focusing on the conceptual foundations of institutional trust, the key drivers of trust formation and erosion, and the mechanisms through which institutions recover credibility following crises. The study identifies five principal determinants of institutional trust: perceived performance quality, transparency, corruption, exposure to crises, and media independence. It further analyzes the impact of major shocks, including political scandals, governance failures, anti-corruption reforms, public protests, and the COVID-19 pandemic, on trust trajectories across different institutional contexts. Through a comparative examination of liberal democracies, hybrid regimes, and non-democratic systems, the paper highlights the diverse ways in which institutional structures, governance quality, and socio-political environments shape public confidence. The findings demonstrate that trust is dynamic, context-dependent, and closely linked to perceptions of legitimacy, accountability, and effectiveness. The study concludes that strengthening institutional trust requires sustained commitments to transparency, responsiveness, anti-corruption measures, crisis preparedness, and citizen engagement. These factors are essential for enhancing governance resilience and fostering long-term public confidence in institutions.