Publications

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men and the worldwide burden of this disease is rising. Lifestylemodifications such as smoking cessation, exercise, and weight control offer opportunities to reduce the risk ofdeveloping prostate cancer. Early detection of prostate cancer by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening iscontroversial, but changes in the PSA threshold, frequency of screening, and the use of other biomarkers have thepotential to minimize the overdiagnosis associated with PSA screening. Several new biomarkers for individuals withraised PSA concentrations or those diagnosed with prostate cancer are likely to identify individuals who can bespared aggressive treatment. Several pharmacological agents such as 5a-reductase inhibitors and aspirin couldprevent development of prostate cancer. In this Review, we discuss the present evidence and research questionsregarding prevention, early detection of prostate cancer, and management of men either at high risk of prostatecancer or diagnosed with low-grade prostate cancer.